“their vastness drowns me”
Tennessee Williams and the Stendhal Syndrome, 1928
Palabras clave:
Thomas Lanier "Tennessee" Williams, Arte, Marie-Henri Beyle [Stendhal], Neuroestética, Viagem e saúde mental, Art, Neuroaesthetics, Travel and mental healthResumen
Tennessee Williams narra em suas Memórias seus primeiros embates com doenças mentais durante uma grande viagem à Europa em 1928. Ele sentiu durante toda a sua vida que esses ataques de ansiedade eram o resultado de “demônios azuis” o perseguindo, e que apenas sua escrita os manteria afastados. Embora este artigo não queira diminuir a firme convicção de Williams de que a “loucura” (seu termo recorrente) era um perigo imediato e presente – embora a hipocondria certamente fizesse parte de sua constituição – ele sugere uma explicação alternativa para o que ele experimentou em Paris, Colônia e Amsterdã naquele verão: a Síndrome de Stendhal, uma teoria sobre sintomas psicossomáticos relacionados ao impacto avassalador de ter sido exposto a inúmeras obras-primas artísticas durante um período prolongado e frenético de viagens estrangeiras. A síndrome, que desencadeia um ataque de pânico agudo, é amenizada pelo retorno às rotinas diárias, que para Williams significava escrever. Portanto, é apenas ao compor um breve poema que ele finalmente se liberta de seu extenso ataque disautonômico, o que sugere que a neuroestética, não a intervenção divina, pode ter sido a verdadeira fonte de sua salvação, e que os “demônios azuis” que ele sentia o perseguindo ao longo de sua vida podem ter sido mais psicossomáticos do que reais. Embora essa leitura alternativa da condição de Williams tenha implicações óbvias nos estudos teatrais, seu estudo de caso também se estende à escrita de viagens em geral, para ajudar a explicar experiências distópicas semelhantes documentadas em relatos de viagem escritos ao longo do último século ou mais.
Abstract
Tennessee Williams recounts in his Memoirs his first bouts with mental illness during a Grand Tour of Europe in 1928. He had felt all his life that this anxiety attack was the result of “blue devils” chasing him, and that only his writing would keep them at bay. While this article does not wish to belittle Williams’s adamant belief that “madness” (his recurrent term) was an immediate and present danger – though hypochondria was certainly part of his constitution – it does suggest an alternative explanation for what he experienced in Paris, Cologne and Amsterdam that summer: the Stendhal Syndrome, a theory on psychosomatic symptoms linked to the overwhelming impact of having been exposed to countless artistic masterpieces during an extended and frenetic period of foreign travel. The syndrome, which sparks an acute panic attack, is palliated through a return to daily routines, which for Williams meant writing. It is thus only by composing a little poem that he is finally released from his extensive dysautonomic attack, which suggests that neuroaesthetics, not divine intervention, may have been the real source of his salvation, and that the “blue devils” he felt were chasing him throughout his life may have been more psychosomatic than real. While this alternative reading to Williams’s condition has obvious implications in theatre studies, his case study also extends to travel writing in general to help explain similar dystopic experiences documented in travelogues written over the last century or more.
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