"Isn’t it funny what tricks your memory plays?"

dramaturgical structures of traumatic memory in the plays of Tennessee Williams

Autores

  • Bess Rowen Villanova University (United States)

Palavras-chave:

Trauma, Memória, O zoológico de vidro, Um bonde chamado desejo, De repente, no último verão, Memory, The glass menagerie, A streetcar named Desire, Suddenly last summer

Resumo

Tom Wingfield começa The glass menagerie vestindo um uniforme que denota sua participação na Segunda Guerra Mundial. A história que Tom conta ao público não é sobre o trauma da guerra, mas sobre um momento traumático diferente de seu passado: quando abandona sua irmã, Laura, e sua mãe, Amanda. Quando estudiosos e produtores de teatro falam sobre traumas em peças de Williams, tais como Menagerie, eles tendem a se concentrar no trauma e na memória de Tennessee Williams, em vez de nos de Tom Wingfield. Isso ignora as poderosas formas dramatúrgicas pelas quais a memória traumática compõe a lógica interna de peças como Menagerie, A streetcar named Desire e Suddenly last summer. Este ensaio leva em consideração as memórias traumáticas de Tom, Blanche e Catherine para mostrar como seus traumas são imitados e refletidos pelas estruturas dramatúrgicas gerais de suas peças. Depois de colocar esse argumento no contexto do trauma, da memória e do teatro, passo para uma análise de como os personagens traumatizados são situados vis-à-vis o público e o ambiente da peça para mostrar como essas diferentes relações impactam no modo como seu trauma é figurado. Em seguida, desenvolvo esses estudos de personagens para observar o impacto geral do trauma do personagem no arco dramatúrgico da peça, concentrando-me particularmente em como o trauma interage com o estilo de teatralidade da peça. Essas leituras atentas mostram como a memória traumática é importante para a lógica dramatúrgica interna da peça, além das ressonâncias biográficas, criando um ponto de partida dramatúrgico frutífero para futuras produções.

Abstract

Tom Wingfield begins The glass menagerie by standing in a uniform that denotes his participation in WWII. The story Tom tells the audience is not about the trauma of war, but of a different traumatic moment in his past: his abandonment of his sister, Laura, and his mother, Amanda. When scholars and theatre makers talk about trauma in Williams plays like Menagerie, they tend to focus on Tennessee Williams’s trauma and memory instead of Tom Wingfield’s. This ignores the powerful dramaturgical ways that traumatic memory forms the internal logic of plays like Menagerie, A streetcar named Desire, and Suddenly last summer. This essay takes the traumatic memories of Tom, Blanche, and Catherine seriously to show how their traumas are mimicked and reflected by the overall dramaturgical structures of their plays. After placing this argument in the context of trauma, memory, and theatre, I move to an analysis of how the traumatized characters are situated vis-à-vis the audience and world of the play to show how these different relationships impact how their trauma is represented. Then I build off of these character studies to a look at the overall impact of the character’s trauma on the play’s dramaturgical arc, focusing particularly on how trauma interacts with the play’s style of theatricality. These close readings show how the traumatic memory is important to the internal dramaturgical logic of the play beyond biographical resonances, creating a fruitful dramaturgical starting point for future productions.

Biografia do Autor

  • Bess Rowen, Villanova University (United States)

    Bess Rowen is an Assistant Professor of Theatre and affiliated faculty in Gender & Women’s Studies at Villanova University. She is a theatre theorist, historian, and practitioner. Her first book project, The lines between the lines: how stage directions affect embodiment was published in 2021. She also edited the Methuen Student Edition of A streetcar named Desire (2023). 

Referências

CARUTH, Cathy. Introduction: recapturing the past. In: CARUTH, Cathy (Ed.). Trauma: explorations in memory. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. p. 151–157.

FAVORINI, Attilio. Some memory plays before the ‘Memory Play’. Journal of Dramatic Theory and Criticism, v. 22, n. 1, p. 29–50, Fall, 2009.Disponível em: https://journals.ku.edu/jdtc/article/view/3583; https://doi.org/10.1353/dtc.2007.0001. Acesso em 29 ago. 2023.

FREUD, Sigmund. Remembering, repeating and working through: further recommendations on the technique of psycho-analysis II. In: FREUD, Sigmund. The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud – Volume XII. Translated by Joan Riviere. London: The Hogarth Press, 1950. p. 145–157.

GRIFFIES, W. Scott. Incorporating brain explanations in psychoanalysis: Tennessee Williams as a case study. Psychodynamic Psychiatry, v. 50, no. 3, p. 492–512, 2022. Disponível em: https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/abs/10.1521/pdps.2022.50.3.492. Accesso em: 29 ago. 2023.

RIBKOFF, Fred; TYNDALL, Paul. On the dialectics of trauma in Tennessee Williams’ A streetcar named Desire. Journal of Medical Humanities, v. 32, n. 1, p. 325–337, 2011. Disponível em: https://philpapers.org/rec/RIBOTD-2; https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-011-9154-4.

Accesso em: 29 ago. 2023.

WILLIAMS, Tennessee. A streetcar named Desire. New York: New Directions, 1947.

WILLIAMS, Tennessee. Suddenly last summer. In: WILLIAMS, Tennessee. The theatre of Tennessee Williams, Volume III. New York: New Directions, 1971a. p. 343–423.

WILLIAMS, Tennessee. The glass menagerie. In: WILLIAMS, Tennessee. The theatre of Tennessee Williams, Volume I. New York: New Directions, 1971b. p. 123–237.

Publicado

2023-12-28

Edição

Secção

Artigos